Buy SS-31 Peptide

Protection in kidney / renal injury: Research shows that the SS-31 peptide can protect the kidneys from damage by addressing mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. In studies on diabetic kidney disease, SS-31 reduced harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS), improved mitochondrial function (restoring energy production and membrane potential), and prevented cell death.

It also blocked key pathways that drive inflammation and scarring in the kidneys while reducing protein loss in urine and kidney fibrosis [1]. Studies in older mice have shown that SS-31 improves the structure of mitochondria in kidney cells, reduces kidney scarring, and lowers aging markers [2]. It also strengthened the health of key kidney cells, showing promise for treating kidney damage caused by aging or disease.

Cardiovascular / vascular & atherosclerosis: Research suggests that the SS-31 peptide demonstrates significant cardiovascular protective effects by targeting mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In atherosclerosis models, SS-31 reduced plaque size, oxidative stress markers (DHE, 8-OHDG), and systemic inflammation (ICAM-1, MCP-1, IL-6). It also improved cholesterol transport by downregulating CD36 and LOX-1, preventing foam cell formation and lipid accumulation [3].

In pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) models, SS-31 attenuated right ventricular pressure, reduced oxidative stress (NOX-1/2), inflammation (TNF-α, MMP-9), and fibrosis (TGF-β), while enhancing antioxidant defenses (HO-1, GPx) [4].

Additionally, SS-31 reversed age-related oxidative damage in cardiac proteins, restoring mitochondrial and cardiac function, highlighting its potential in mitigating vascular and cardiac aging [5].

Neuroprotection / retina / brain: SS-31 peptide shows strong potential to protect nerve cells by addressing mitochondrial issues, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In glaucoma studies, it helped save retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), kept retinal layers healthy, and improved eye function. It also reduced oxidative stress, prevented cell death, and protected retinal cells [6].

In Alzheimer’s disease models, SS-31 lowered harmful β-amyloid buildup, reduced mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress, and restored important proteins for brain function, improving memory and cognition [7]. Additionally, SS-31 supports healthier mitochondria by boosting their growth, repair, and survival, making it a promising treatment for neurodegenerative diseases.

Mitochondria, Aging, and Muscle Endurance: Research suggests that the SS-31 peptide significantly improves mitochondrial function, muscle endurance, and redox balance in aging skeletal muscle. A study in aged mice demonstrated that a single SS-31 treatment rapidly restored mitochondrial ATP production, oxidative phosphorylation coupling (P/O), and energy state (PCr/ATP) to youthful levels within one hour. Prolonged treatment (8 weeks) further enhanced fatigue resistance, muscle mass, and treadmill endurance [8].

Studies show that SS-31 works by lowering harmful molecules called mitochondrial ROS, restoring the balance of antioxidants like glutathione, and fixing damaged proteins in muscles. Importantly, it does all this without needing to increase the number of mitochondria. This makes SS-31 a promising treatment for combating age-related muscle loss and enhancing overall quality of life [9].

Anti-fibrotic, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties: Research shows that SS-31 has strong anti-fibrotic, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects by targeting mitochondrial dysfunction. It lowers mitochondrial ROS production, prevents depolarization, and inhibits the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, protecting cells from oxidative damage.

In renal disease models, SS-31 reduces fibrosis by preserving mitochondrial integrity and limiting pro-fibrotic signaling. It prevents apoptosis by blocking cytochrome c release and balancing Bax/Bcl-2 proteins. Additionally, SS-31 reduces inflammation by modulating mitochondrial-driven pathways, lowering cytokine production, and preventing Ca2+-induced swelling. These properties make SS-31 a promising treatment for conditions involving mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic inflammation [10].